In nature, the food chains by no means exist as isolated linear collections; instead, they are interconnected to shape a network known as...

Commensalism The time body ‘commensalism’ springs from the Latin commensalism and manner ‘on the identical table together’. Maximum...

Parasitism is an enormously difficult term to define and there are numerous causes inside the literature. For the purposes of this ebook,...

ESKIMO CURLEW (FEWER THAN 100 YEARS) Scientific name: Numenius borealis Scientific classification: Phylum: Chordata Class: Aves Order:...

Introduction In this introductory chapter, we can introduce the concept of parasitism as a lifestyle and provide an explanation for why...

Aim To look at the energy of microorganisms to hydrolyze gelatin with the proteolytic enzyme gelatinase. Principle The potential of...

Evolution is caused by the action of forces on survival of Variation. Reproductive Isolation keeps the species distinct therefore the...

Habitat The overall environment, but more often specifically the physical environment during which organisms live. Ecological Transition...